Glossary
Bilingual table of technical terms for Git, GitHub, SSH, GPG, and
associated tools. Each entry has the term in English, its Spanish
counterpart, and a brief definition.
How to use this glossary
If your working language is English: use the EN column as
your primary reference and the ES column when reading
Spanish documentation.
If your working language is Spanish: the mirror file
docs/es/glosario.md
Core concepts
English
Español
Definition
Repository
Repositorio
Versioned store of files under Git control.
Remote repository
Repositorio remoto
Replica of the repository hosted on a server (GitHub, GitLab, etc.).
Branch
Rama
Independent development line; a pointer to a commit.
Main branch
Rama principal
Default branch of the repository (main on GitHub, GitLab, and other platforms since 2020).
Commit
Commit
Versioned snapshot of the repository state, identified by a hash.
Hash (SHA-1)
Hash (SHA-1)
Unique 40-character hexadecimal identifier Git assigns to each commit.
Working Directory
Working Directory
Local folder where files are being edited.
Staging Area (Index)
Staging Area (Index)
Intermediate area where files are prepared for the next commit.
Git Directory (.git/)
Git Directory (.git/)
Hidden folder that stores the repository's complete history.
HEAD
HEAD
Internal Git pointer that indicates the active branch and commit.
Working tree
Working tree
Synonym of Working Directory.
Detached HEAD
Detached HEAD
State where HEAD points directly to a commit, not to a branch.
Operations
English
Español
Definition
Clone
Clonar
Download a complete copy of a remote repository.
Commit
Confirmar
Record changes from the staging area in the history.
Merge
Fusionar
Combine the changes from one branch into another.
Rebase
Rebase
Reapply commits of one branch on top of another branch's tip.
Cherry-pick
Cherry-pick
Apply a specific commit from another branch onto the current one.
Reset
Reset
Move HEAD (and optionally the staging/working tree) to a previous commit.
Revert
Revert
Create a new commit that undoes the changes of a previous commit.
Stash
Stash
Save uncommitted changes in a temporary stack.
Tag
Tag
Immutable mark on a commit (used for releases).
Pull
Pull
Bring changes from the remote and merge them into the current branch.
Push
Push
Upload local commits to the remote repository.
Fetch
Fetch
Download references from the remote without merging them.
English
Español
Definition
Pull Request (PR)
Pull Request (PR)
Proposal of changes for review and approval.
Code Review
Code Review
Peer code review before the merge.
Discussion
Discusión
Asynchronous conversation space on GitHub/GitLab.
Issue
Issue
Bug report, feature request, or question.
Milestone
Milestone
Grouping of issues/PRs toward a goal or release.
Label
Label
Categorical tag applied to issues/PRs.
Branch protection
Branch protection
Protection rules applied to a branch (mandatory PRs, approvals, etc.).
Fork
Fork
Personal copy of someone else's repository under your account.
Draft Pull Request
Pull Request draft (borrador)
PR in draft state that cannot be merged.
Code owner
Code owner
Person designated to review changes on certain paths (CODEOWNERS).
Authentication and cryptography
English
Español
Definition
SSH key
Llave SSH
Public/private key pair for SSH authentication.
Public key
Llave pública
Public component of the SSH key that is shared with the server.
Private key
Llave privada
Secret component of the SSH key that must never be shared.
Passphrase
Frase de paso (passphrase)
Optional password to protect a private key.
ssh-agent
ssh-agent
In-memory process that manages unlocked SSH keys.
Ed25519
Ed25519
Modern SSH/GPG key algorithm, recommended over RSA.
RSA
RSA
Classic SSH/GPG key algorithm; use 4096 bits if needed.
Fingerprint
Fingerprint
Cryptographic fingerprint that identifies an SSH key.
GnuPG (GPG)
GnuPG (GPG)
Standard tool for cryptographic signing and encryption.
GPG key
Llave GPG
Public/private key pair generated with GnuPG.
Cryptographic signature
Firma criptográfica
Mathematical proof of identity on a commit, tag, or merge.
Verified (badge)
Verificado (badge)
Status visible on GitHub when a commit's signature is valid.
Revocation certificate
Certificado de revocación
.rev file used to invalidate a compromised GPG key.
English
Español
Definition
Markdown (.md)
Markdown (.md)
Lightweight markup language for documentation.
YAML (.yml)
YAML (.yml)
Human-readable serialization format, used in workflows and configs.
JSON (.json)
JSON (.json)
Structured data interchange format.
README
README
Main presentation file of a repository.
LICENSE
LICENSE
File that declares the legal terms of the project.
.gitignore.gitignoreFile with patterns of files Git should ignore.
.gitattributes.gitattributesFile with per-path attributes (diff, export, linguist).
.editorconfig.editorconfigFile with style conventions for editors.
CODEOWNERSCODEOWNERSFile that assigns mandatory reviewers per path.
AGENTS.mdAGENTS.mdOperating contract between AI agents and collaborators.
Workflow
English
Español
Definition
Conventional Commits
Conventional Commits
Commit message convention with types (feat:, fix:).
Gitmoji
Gitmoji
Commit convention with emojis as prefix (:sparkles:, :bug:).
Linear history
Linear history
Merge policy allowing only rebase or squash (no merge commits).
Squash merge
Squash merge
Combine all PR commits into one when merging.
Force push
Force push
Overwrite remote history (dangerous, use --force-with-lease).
gitmoji-commitergitmoji-commiterRepo agent that suggests gitmoji commit messages.
traductor-entraductor-enRepo agent that translates ES → EN maintaining the mirror.
lint-cilint-ciRepo agent that runs markdownlint, lychee, and codespell.
mkdocs-buildermkdocs-builderRepo agent that validates mkdocs build --strict.
revisor-prrevisor-prRepo agent that prepares PRs in Spanish and in draft.
redactor-esredactor-esRepo agent that writes/edits documentation in Spanish.
Next step
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